The food cooking on the fire smells good.
学生了解cook有主动表被动的使用方法,但cook同样有及物动词的使用方法,假如如此的话,这个句子中是不是也可以换成cooked?
The food cooking on the fire smells good. =
The food being cooking on the fire smells good.
过去分词 cooked 表示“完成意义”(指饭已经做好了的),不能。应用 being cooked ,表示“正在被烹饪”。
关于有的动词“主动形式表示被动意思”的剖析:
英语中,某些动词可以用主动形式表示被动意思。
但这是有条件的:这类动词只限于用“进行体”(进行时态)。
1. 与烹饪有关的动词:
The rice is cooking.
The cakes were baking on thehot oven.
The breakfast is preparing now.
2. 与行业术语有关的动词:
The book is printing.
The guns are firing.
The theatre is building.
The film is showing.
3. 与平时活动关系密切的动词:
Nothing is doing now.
My piano is still mending.
This game is constantly playing.
【个人看法】某些动词用主动语态表示被动意义,目的就是为了简练。但又不会引起误解或歧义。上述动词和例句,需要用进行体,说明“正在如何”。
上面所有句子,假如改用被动语态,也完全可以。但“简练” 是语言的精髓。在平时交际中,大家倾向于用最简练的表达方法,去传达复杂的意义。The rice is cooking. 要比The rice is being cooked. 简单多了,好读上口而不会产生误解。大伙都了解“米饭是被烹饪的”。“烹饪”、“行业”、“平时活动”,用主动形式表达被动意义,这类词语在我们的“圈子里”,大伙都了解的意思是。